224 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
224 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# Textures
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Every level has its own set of textures, stored on **texture pages** of 256×256 pixels. A
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*texture* is a rectangle on one of those pages; faces of tiles and brushes refer to a texture by
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its **number**. The editor lets you see all of them, import your own pictures, animate them and
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paint them onto faces.
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## Texture basics
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* A level has up to **127 pages**. Each page has one *blend class* (opaque, cut-out,
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semi-transparent …); every texture on it should have the same class.
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* Textures are numbered: `#221` is texture 221 of the level. In brush texture fields you can type
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`#221` or a name. The names (`grass`, `stone`, `bark` …) are those of the village textures;
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other base levels mostly use numbers.
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* Brushes can also use flat colours (colour names, or `rgbRRGGBB`).
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* The game shows textures in **15-bit colour** (5 bits per channel) with 1 bit of transparency,
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so gradients get coarser and soft edges become hard.
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* Texture entries are never deleted, because faces and object models refer to them by number.
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An unused texture can be reused by moving its rectangle.
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## Texture manager
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Open it with the **Textures** tab of the bottom dock, **View → Panels → Texture manager**
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(**Ctrl+Shift+T**), or the **Window** button for a large separate window.
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### Pages
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The left list shows every page with a thumbnail, its number and its blend class. Right-click a
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page for:
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* **Export page as PNG…** – saves the whole page,
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* **Replace page from PNG…** – loads a picture into the whole page (scaled to 256×256 and reduced
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to the page's blend class).
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### Atlas
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The middle shows the selected page with every texture rectangle:
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| Colour | Meaning |
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|---|---|
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| white | used texture |
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| red | unused texture |
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| cyan | animated texture |
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| orange | the current texture, with 8 handles |
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* Click a rectangle to make it the current texture (the smallest one under the cursor wins).
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* Drag inside the current rectangle to **move** it, drag a handle to **resize** it. Every face
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using the texture follows; each drag is one undo step.
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* The mouse wheel zooms; tooltips show size and usage.
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* Double-click starts the **Paint texture** tool with that texture.
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### Texture table
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The table lists **#**, a preview, **Name** (editable), **Page**, **Rectangle**, **Blend**,
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**Faces** (faces of tile models plus brushes using it), **Models** (tile models using it) and
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**Anim** (its animation, or "frame" if it is a frame of another texture's animation).
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The **Show** box filters the list:
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| Filter | Lists |
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|---|---|
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| **All textures** | everything |
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| **On this page** | textures of the selected page |
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| **Used** | textures on faces, brushes or in animations |
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| **Unused** | the others |
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| **Animated** | textures with an animation |
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| **Imported** | textures you imported |
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**Name or #** searches by name or number. Double-click a row to paint with that texture.
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> **Note:** Object models (characters, pickups) also use textures from this table, but they are not
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> counted. "Unused" means *not used by tiles, brushes or animations*.
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### Toolbar
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| Button | Action |
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|---|---|
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| **Import…** | import PNG/JPG images as new textures (see below) |
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| **Replace pixels…** | put a new picture into the selected texture's rectangle |
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| **Export PNG…** | save the selected texture as a PNG file |
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| **Paint** | start the Paint texture tool with the selected texture |
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| **Window** | open the texture manager in its own large window |
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### Texture tab
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Details of the current texture:
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| Field | Meaning |
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|---|---|
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| **Name** | name shown in the editor, also usable in brush texture fields |
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| **X / Y** | top-left corner of the rectangle on the page (pixels) |
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| **W × H** | size in pixels – the engine maps the whole rectangle onto a quad |
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| **Blend** | blend class (the texture flags); the page's class should match |
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| flags | the raw flag value |
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Below it a usage line (faces, models, brushes, animations) and two buttons:
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* **Duplicate** – a new texture entry with the same rectangle, e.g. as the starting point for an
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animation frame,
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* **Select users** – selects the tiles whose models use the texture.
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## Texture animations
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The **Animation** tab animates the current texture. The game supports two kinds:
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* **Flip-book** – the texture is replaced by a sequence of frame textures in turn (torches,
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flags, water in the original levels).
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* **Scroll** – the picture moves vertically inside a band of the page (rivers, lava).
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**Create animation** starts one (a flip-book begins with the texture itself; add frames with
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**+**), **Remove animation** removes it.
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| Field | Meaning |
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|---|---|
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| **Type** | **Flip-book**, **Scroll up** or **Scroll down** |
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| **Frame delay** | game frames each flip-book frame stays (0 = change every frame; the game runs at about 30 frames per second – the label shows the resulting frames/s) |
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| **Back and forth** | play forwards then backwards instead of looping |
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| **Band height** | scroll: height of the page area the picture wraps in (usually the texture height) |
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| **Speed (px/frame)** | scroll: pixels per game frame |
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| **Top row (v0)** | scroll: first page row of the band (usually the texture's top edge) |
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| **Frames** | flip-book frames: **+** adds a texture by number (the current texture is suggested), **−** removes, **◀ ▶** move the selected frame |
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A live preview runs at game speed. The 3D viewport does not animate textures; the preview and the
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game do.
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> **Tip:** To make a new flip-book: import all frames as textures, select the first one, **Create
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> animation**, then add the others with **+** by their numbers.
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## Importing textures
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**File → Import texture…** or **Import…** in the texture manager opens the **Import textures**
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dialog for one or more images (PNG, JPG, BMP, GIF). The two previews show the picture as it is
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(**Original**) and as the game will show it (**In the game (15-bit)**).
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| Option | Meaning |
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|---|---|
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| **Size (longest side)** | 16, 32, **64**, 128, 256 or **Original** (up to 256); the aspect ratio is kept, rectangles need not be powers of two |
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| **Blend class** | how the texture is drawn (table below); the description appears below the box |
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| **Transparent below alpha** | pixels less opaque than this become fully transparent (default 64) |
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| **Keep half-transparent pixels** | pixels between the cut and 75 % opacity stay half transparent instead of solid |
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| **Transparent colour** | **None**, **Magenta (FF00FF)** or **Top-left pixel**: a colour that becomes transparent, for images without an alpha channel |
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| **Dither (smoother gradients in 15-bit colour)** | ordered dithering against colour banding |
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| **Pack into free space of existing pages** | use unused areas of pages of the same blend class before adding new pages |
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| **1-pixel border (against seams)** | repeats the edge pixels around the texture, so filtering never shows the neighbour's pixels |
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### Blend classes
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| Class | Use for | What it does |
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|---|---|---|
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| **Opaque** | walls, floors, most things | solid; transparent pixels become black |
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| **Cut-out** | leaves, fences, grids | fully transparent pixels, everything else solid |
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| **Semi-transparent** | glass, water, smoke | half-transparent pixels blend 50 % |
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| **Additive glow** | light, fire, sparkles | adds its colour to what is behind it |
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| **Darken (mode 3)** | shadows | darkens what is behind it |
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The editor guesses the class from the image (alpha channel or not). Imported textures are new
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texture numbers; the status bar names them. The whole import is one undo step.
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> **Engine limit:** at most 127 texture pages. The **Check** reports more pages as an error.
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### Replacing pixels
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**Edit → Replace texture pixels…** or **Replace pixels…** puts a new picture into the current
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texture's rectangle – every face using the texture changes at once. The dialog is the same, with
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the size fixed to the texture's rectangle. Useful to repaint an original texture (a sign, a
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poster) without touching any faces.
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## Paint texture tool (M)
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The **Paint texture** tool (**M**, toolbar, or double-click a texture in the manager) puts the
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current texture onto faces.
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* **Hover**: the face under the cursor gets a white outline; the status bar shows the model, face
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number, current texture and face flags (and "model shared by n tiles").
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* **Click**: gives the face the current texture. The clicked face stays selected (orange) for
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the buttons below.
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* **Shift+click** picks the texture of a face (eyedropper). **I** or **Edit → Texture
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eyedropper** does the same for the next click.
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Options bar:
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| Control | Meaning |
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|---|---|
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| swatch | the current texture – choose one in the texture manager or pick it from a face |
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| eyedropper button | the next click picks a texture (**I**) |
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| scope | **Face** (only the clicked triangle), **Same texture in model** (all faces of the model that had the same texture), **Whole model** |
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| rotate button | turns the texture on the selected face (cycles its corners; on brushes: the brush's texture rotation) |
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| mirror button | mirrors the texture on the selected face |
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| half button | shows the other half of the texture rectangle on the selected triangle |
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| **Unique** | if the clicked tile shares its model with other tiles, give it its own copy first |
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> **Note:** Original tiles often share one model – a hundred grass tiles may use the same one.
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> Without **Unique**, painting one of them changes all of them. With **Unique** only the clicked
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> tile changes (it gets its own copy of the model, which adds data to the level).
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**Brushes**: clicking a brush sets the texture of the side you click – the **top** texture when
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you click the top, **bottom** for the underside, otherwise the **side** texture (for fences,
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trees and pillars the first texture parameter, such as the post or trunk). The rotate button
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then turns the texture of the last painted brush.
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> **Engine limit:** each triangle shows one half of its texture rectangle – that is why "other
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> half", rotate and mirror exist instead of free UV editing. Object models cannot be painted.
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## Textures in the game
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## Limits
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* Texture entries are never deleted; reuse unused ones by moving their rectangle.
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* Object models' textures are not counted as "used" and their faces cannot be painted.
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* The importer does not change the class of an existing page; it never packs into a page of
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another class.
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* Imported meshes create their textures automatically (see
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[Importing meshes](07-meshes.md)).
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