diff --git a/lib/api/marianumconnect/queries/telemetry_heartbeat/telemetry_heartbeat.dart b/lib/api/marianumconnect/queries/telemetry_heartbeat/telemetry_heartbeat.dart
index 8a8b2a5..40a7a60 100644
--- a/lib/api/marianumconnect/queries/telemetry_heartbeat/telemetry_heartbeat.dart
+++ b/lib/api/marianumconnect/queries/telemetry_heartbeat/telemetry_heartbeat.dart
@@ -3,41 +3,71 @@ import 'dart:convert';
 import 'dart:io';
 
 import 'package:device_info_plus/device_info_plus.dart';
+import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';
 import 'package:package_info_plus/package_info_plus.dart';
 
+import '../../../../push/push_registration.dart';
 import '../../../../push/push_registration_store.dart';
 import '../../../../push/push_registration_type.dart';
 import '../../marianumconnect_query.dart';
 import 'telemetry_device_id.dart';
 
+typedef _PushState = ({
+  bool enabled,
+  AuthorizationStatus? permission,
+  String? pushDeviceIdentifier,
+});
+
 /// Sends a telemetry heartbeat to MarianumConnect (`POST me/telemetry`) —
 /// upserts the stable install id, platform, app version and device info. Sent
-/// on app start, again once push registration completes that session (so a
-/// fresh registration isn't under-reported until the next launch), and on
-/// resume after the app spent more than 15 minutes in the background.
+/// on app start, on resume and once push registration completes, throttled to
+/// one per 15 minutes unless the push state changed in between.
 /// Bearer-authenticated via the shared dio interceptor. Replaces the legacy
 /// mhsl.eu `server/userIndex/update` call.
 class TelemetryHeartbeat extends MarianumConnectQuery {
   TelemetryHeartbeat({super.dio});
 
+  static const Duration _interval = Duration(minutes: 15);
+
+  // Wall-clock throttle rather than Debouncer.throttle: a Timer does not tick
+  // reliably while the app is suspended, so the window would still be open on
+  // the resume it is supposed to let through.
+  static DateTime? _lastSentAt;
+  static _PushState? _lastPushState;
+
   /// Fire-and-forget: schedules a heartbeat and swallows any error, so a failed
-  /// send never disrupts app start. Used from the app shell's initState and
-  /// lifecycle handler, and re-emitted once push registration completes (see
-  /// `_MainState._syncPush`).
+  /// send never disrupts app start. A changed push state (toggle, OS
+  /// permission — e.g. back from the system settings — or a fresh
+  /// registration) bypasses the throttle: the server picks visible vs. silent
+  /// delivery from it, so it must not wait for the next window.
   static void report({required bool notificationsEnabled}) {
-    unawaited(
-      TelemetryHeartbeat()
-          .send(notificationsEnabled: notificationsEnabled)
-          .catchError((Object _) {}),
-    );
+    unawaited(_report(notificationsEnabled).catchError((Object _) {}));
   }
 
-  Future<void> send({required bool notificationsEnabled}) => guard(() async {
+  static Future<void> _report(bool enabled) async {
+    final pushState = (
+      enabled: enabled,
+      permission: await PushRegistration.osPermissionStatus(),
+      pushDeviceIdentifier: await const PushRegistrationStore()
+          .deviceIdentifier(PushRegistrationType.general),
+    );
+    final now = DateTime.now();
+    final last = _lastSentAt;
+    if (last != null &&
+        now.difference(last) < _interval &&
+        pushState == _lastPushState) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Claimed before sending so overlapping triggers don't both go out.
+    _lastSentAt = now;
+    _lastPushState = pushState;
+    await TelemetryHeartbeat()._send(pushState);
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _send(_PushState push) => guard(() async {
     final info = DeviceInfoPlugin();
     final package = await PackageInfo.fromPlatform();
     final deviceIdentifier = await TelemetryDeviceId.resolve();
-    final pushDeviceIdentifier = await const PushRegistrationStore()
-        .deviceIdentifier(PushRegistrationType.general);
 
     var platform = 'unknown';
     String? deviceModel;
@@ -62,11 +92,12 @@ class TelemetryHeartbeat extends MarianumConnectQuery {
       data: {
         'deviceIdentifier': deviceIdentifier,
         // `pushDeviceIdentifier` reflects a *completed* registration and is
-        // absent until it lands; `pushEnabled` carries the user's intent
-        // (the notification toggle) so the backend can tell "user wants push"
-        // apart from "registration not finished yet".
-        'pushDeviceIdentifier': ?pushDeviceIdentifier,
-        'pushEnabled': notificationsEnabled,
+        // absent until it lands; `pushEnabled` carries the user's intent (the
+        // toggle). The server combines it with `osPermission` into the
+        // visible-vs-silent delivery decision.
+        'pushDeviceIdentifier': ?push.pushDeviceIdentifier,
+        'pushEnabled': push.enabled,
+        'osPermission': ?osPermissionWireValue(push.permission),
         'platform': platform,
         'appVersion': package.version,
         'appBuild': int.tryParse(package.buildNumber),
@@ -77,3 +108,13 @@ class TelemetryHeartbeat extends MarianumConnectQuery {
     );
   });
 }
+
+/// Wire value of the OS notification permission for the heartbeat.
+String? osPermissionWireValue(AuthorizationStatus? status) => switch (status) {
+  AuthorizationStatus.authorized => 'granted',
+  AuthorizationStatus.provisional => 'provisional',
+  AuthorizationStatus.denied ||
+  AuthorizationStatus.deniedPermanently => 'denied',
+  AuthorizationStatus.notDetermined => 'notDetermined',
+  null => null,
+};
diff --git a/lib/app.dart b/lib/app.dart
index e6bb8a4..a8d38f1 100644
--- a/lib/app.dart
+++ b/lib/app.dart
@@ -48,11 +48,9 @@ class _AppState extends State<App> with WidgetsBindingObserver {
   int _knownTotalTabs = 1;
   int _lastTabIndex = 0;
   bool _userOnLastTab = false;
-  DateTime? _lastTelemetryAt;
 
   static const Duration _chatListActiveInterval = Duration(seconds: 15);
   static const Duration _chatListIdleInterval = Duration(seconds: 60);
-  static const Duration _telemetryInterval = Duration(minutes: 15);
 
   void _onTabControllerChanged() {
     final newIndex = Main.bottomNavigator.index;
@@ -81,15 +79,8 @@ class _AppState extends State<App> with WidgetsBindingObserver {
     }
   }
 
-  // Wall-clock throttle rather than Debouncer.throttle: a Timer does not tick
-  // reliably while the app is suspended, so the window would still be open on
-  // the resume it is supposed to let through.
   void _reportTelemetry() {
     if (!mounted) return;
-    final now = DateTime.now();
-    final last = _lastTelemetryAt;
-    if (last != null && now.difference(last) < _telemetryInterval) return;
-    _lastTelemetryAt = now;
     TelemetryHeartbeat.report(
       notificationsEnabled: context
           .read<SettingsCubit>()
diff --git a/lib/push/push_registration.dart b/lib/push/push_registration.dart
index 52dc540..e9cd974 100644
--- a/lib/push/push_registration.dart
+++ b/lib/push/push_registration.dart
@@ -355,9 +355,8 @@ class PushRegistration {
       status != AuthorizationStatus.deniedPermanently;
 
   /// Requests the OS notification permission (covers iOS + Android 13) and
-  /// returns whether registration should proceed. Errors from the plugin are
-  /// treated as usable — better a possibly-idle registration than silently
-  /// losing push over a transient failure.
+  /// returns whether it is usable (not explicitly denied). Errors from the
+  /// plugin are treated as usable so a transient failure never nags the user.
   static Future<bool> requestOsPermission() async {
     try {
       final settings = await FirebaseMessaging.instance.requestPermission();
@@ -368,54 +367,47 @@ class PushRegistration {
     }
   }
 
-  /// True when the user has explicitly denied the OS notification permission.
-  /// Read-only (no prompt) — used by the settings UI to surface the state.
-  static Future<bool> isOsPermissionDenied() async {
+  /// Current OS notification permission, or null when the plugin can't tell.
+  /// Read-only — never triggers the OS prompt.
+  static Future<AuthorizationStatus?> osPermissionStatus() async {
     try {
       final settings = await FirebaseMessaging.instance
           .getNotificationSettings();
-      return !isPermissionUsable(settings.authorizationStatus);
+      return settings.authorizationStatus;
     } on Object {
-      return false;
+      return null;
     }
   }
 
   /// True when the OS notification permission is already granted
   /// (`authorized`/`provisional`). Read-only — never triggers the OS prompt.
-  /// Used by the cold-start/self-heal path so it registers only for devices
-  /// that already opted in, leaving the actual prompt to the first Talk visit.
   static Future<bool> isOsPermissionGranted() async {
-    try {
-      final settings = await FirebaseMessaging.instance
-          .getNotificationSettings();
-      return settings.authorizationStatus == AuthorizationStatus.authorized ||
-          settings.authorizationStatus == AuthorizationStatus.provisional;
-    } on Object {
-      return false;
-    }
+    final status = await osPermissionStatus();
+    return status != null && canDisplay(status);
   }
 
+  /// Whether the OS will actually show a visible notification in [status].
+  /// Stricter than [isPermissionUsable]: `notDetermined` shows nothing yet.
+  static bool canDisplay(AuthorizationStatus status) =>
+      status == AuthorizationStatus.authorized ||
+      status == AuthorizationStatus.provisional;
+
   /// Registers this device whenever the backend advertises the push capability.
-  /// Deliberately independent of the in-app notification toggle: a user who
-  /// turned notifications off stays registered so silent sync pushes keep
-  /// flowing — the display is suppressed downstream via the mirrored flag (see
-  /// [PushRegistrationStore.notificationsEnabled]). Only registers when the OS
-  /// notification permission is *already* granted — it never triggers the OS
-  /// prompt itself. Requesting the permission is the job of the first Talk visit
-  /// (see `maybePromptTalkNotifications`), which keeps the prompt out of the
-  /// cold-start path. Safe to call on every start — Nextcloud dedups an
-  /// unchanged registration — which also self-heals a device whose registration
-  /// was lost.
+  /// Deliberately independent of both the in-app notification toggle and the
+  /// OS notification permission: silent sync pushes (deletes, chat/badge
+  /// refresh, widget refresh) need no permission — data-only FCM on Android,
+  /// `content-available` on iOS — so every device stays in sync. Whether a
+  /// visible notification is wanted is reported separately via the telemetry
+  /// heartbeat (toggle + OS permission), from which the server picks silent
+  /// pushes on iOS. Never triggers the OS prompt. Safe to call on every
+  /// start — Nextcloud dedups an unchanged registration — which also
+  /// self-heals a device whose registration was lost.
   /// Returns whether registration was actually *attempted* (all gates passed).
   /// Even a partial success persists the `general` device identifier, so the
   /// caller re-emits telemetry on `true` to reflect the fresh registration in
   /// the same session instead of lagging until the next launch.
   static Future<bool> syncSubscription({required bool capable}) async {
     if (!capable) return false;
-    if (!await isOsPermissionGranted()) {
-      log('Push: OS notification permission not granted, skipping registration');
-      return false;
-    }
     final registration = PushRegistration();
     // register() below refreshes an unchanged subscription anyway; the check
     // only surfaces the endpoint switch in the log for diagnosability.
diff --git a/lib/push/push_status.dart b/lib/push/push_status.dart
index a0664cb..6e5f73e 100644
--- a/lib/push/push_status.dart
+++ b/lib/push/push_status.dart
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 
 import '../model/account_data.dart';
@@ -141,21 +140,11 @@ Future<PushStatusReport> collectPushStatus({
 }
 
 Future<PushCheck> _osPermission() async {
-  try {
-    final settings = await FirebaseMessaging.instance.getNotificationSettings();
-    switch (settings.authorizationStatus) {
-      case AuthorizationStatus.authorized:
-      case AuthorizationStatus.provisional:
-        return PushCheck.ok;
-      case AuthorizationStatus.denied:
-      case AuthorizationStatus.deniedPermanently:
-        return PushCheck.fail;
-      case AuthorizationStatus.notDetermined:
-        return PushCheck.unknown;
-    }
-  } on Object {
-    return PushCheck.unknown;
-  }
+  final status = await PushRegistration.osPermissionStatus();
+  if (status == null) return PushCheck.unknown;
+  if (PushRegistration.canDisplay(status)) return PushCheck.ok;
+  if (!PushRegistration.isPermissionUsable(status)) return PushCheck.fail;
+  return PushCheck.unknown;
 }
 
 /// One line in the status checklist.
diff --git a/lib/view/pages/settings/sections/talk_section.dart b/lib/view/pages/settings/sections/talk_section.dart
index 0a1a79b..ea9ecec 100644
--- a/lib/view/pages/settings/sections/talk_section.dart
+++ b/lib/view/pages/settings/sections/talk_section.dart
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import 'dart:async';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_bloc/flutter_bloc.dart';
 
+import '../../../../api/marianumconnect/queries/telemetry_heartbeat/telemetry_heartbeat.dart';
 import '../../../../push/push_registration.dart';
 import '../../../../push/push_status.dart';
 import '../../../../routing/app_routes.dart';
@@ -123,6 +124,8 @@ class _PushSettingsState extends State<_PushSettings>
 
   void _onToggle(bool enabled) {
     widget.settings.val(write: true).notificationSettings.enabled = enabled;
+    // A permission granted below arrives via the resume heartbeat.
+    TelemetryHeartbeat.report(notificationsEnabled: enabled);
     // Turning off does NOT unregister: the device stays subscribed so silent
     // sync pushes keep arriving; the message handler and iOS NSE suppress only
     // the visible notification (via the mirrored flag). Enabling (re-)registers
@@ -132,11 +135,10 @@ class _PushSettingsState extends State<_PushSettings>
     final messenger = ScaffoldMessenger.of(context);
     unawaited(() async {
       try {
-        // Only register when the OS permission isn't explicitly denied —
-        // otherwise NC + proxy would push into the void.
-        if (await PushRegistration.requestOsPermission()) {
-          await PushRegistration().register();
-        } else {
+        final granted = await PushRegistration.requestOsPermission();
+        // Registered regardless: silent sync pushes need no permission.
+        await PushRegistration().register();
+        if (!granted) {
           messenger.showSnackBar(
             const SnackBar(
               content: Text(
diff --git a/test/push/push_permission_test.dart b/test/push/push_permission_test.dart
index 8ec6fc7..d029751 100644
--- a/test/push/push_permission_test.dart
+++ b/test/push/push_permission_test.dart
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import 'package:firebase_messaging/firebase_messaging.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
+import 'package:marianum_mobile/api/marianumconnect/queries/telemetry_heartbeat/telemetry_heartbeat.dart';
 import 'package:marianum_mobile/push/push_registration.dart';
 
 void main() {
@@ -37,4 +38,36 @@ void main() {
       expect(AuthorizationStatus.values, hasLength(5));
     });
   });
+
+  group('PushRegistration.canDisplay', () {
+    test('only authorized and provisional show notifications', () {
+      expect(
+        AuthorizationStatus.values.where(PushRegistration.canDisplay),
+        unorderedEquals([
+          AuthorizationStatus.authorized,
+          AuthorizationStatus.provisional,
+        ]),
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('osPermissionWireValue', () {
+    test('maps every status', () {
+      expect(osPermissionWireValue(AuthorizationStatus.authorized), 'granted');
+      expect(
+        osPermissionWireValue(AuthorizationStatus.provisional),
+        'provisional',
+      );
+      expect(osPermissionWireValue(AuthorizationStatus.denied), 'denied');
+      expect(
+        osPermissionWireValue(AuthorizationStatus.deniedPermanently),
+        'denied',
+      );
+      expect(
+        osPermissionWireValue(AuthorizationStatus.notDetermined),
+        'notDetermined',
+      );
+      expect(osPermissionWireValue(null), isNull);
+    });
+  });
 }